Know Before You Carry
Where You Cannot Carry: Complete Guide to Prohibited Places 2026
Federal gun-free zones, state restrictions, private property rules, and signage laws every concealed carrier must know to stay legal.
Even with a valid CCW permit, there are many places where carrying a firearm is illegal. Federal law prohibits firearms in schools, courthouses, federal buildings, post offices, and airports (past security). State laws add restrictions for bars, hospitals, polling places, and more. Violations can result in felony charges, permit revocation, and imprisonment—even for licensed carriers who make honest mistakes. Know these locations before you carry.
1. Federal Gun-Free Zones: Where ALL Permits Are Invalid
Federal law supersedes state CCW permits in specific locations. Even if you’re licensed in all 50 states, carrying in these areas is a federal crime punishable by significant fines and imprisonment. No state permit, reciprocity agreement, or constitutional carry law exempts you from these restrictions.
Federal Buildings & Courthouses
Under 18 U.S.C. § 930, it is illegal to possess or attempt to bring a firearm or other dangerous weapon into any federal facility. This includes:
Penalty: Up to 1 year imprisonment for simple possession; up to 5 years if carried with intent to commit a crime.
Post Offices
Under 39 C.F.R. § 232.1, firearms are prohibited on all postal property—this includes not just the building interior, but also:
Post office parking lots are also gun-free zones. You cannot leave your firearm in your vehicle while running inside to mail a package. This catches many CCW holders off guard and has resulted in federal charges for otherwise law-abiding citizens.
Schools & School Zones
The Gun-Free School Zones Act (18 U.S.C. § 922(q)) prohibits firearms within 1,000 feet of any K-12 school, public or private. This creates large “bubble” zones that can encompass:
If you hold a valid CCW permit from the state where the school is located, you may pass through school zones on public roads. However, you still cannot enter school property, parking lots, or buildings. Some states like Utah allow permit holders on school grounds—always check state law.
Airports
Airport restrictions operate in zones:
| Airport Zone | Concealed Carry Allowed? | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Parking lot/garage | ✓ Usually Yes | Check state/local laws |
| Terminal (pre-security) | ⚠ Varies | Some states allow, others prohibit |
| TSA security checkpoint | ✕ NO | Federal crime to attempt |
| Past security/gate area | ✕ NEVER | Sterile area—federal offense |
You can fly with firearms in checked luggage following TSA guidelines, but they must be unloaded, locked in a hard-sided case, and declared at check-in.
Military Bases & Federal Land
Military installations follow Department of Defense regulations, not state law. Personal firearms are generally prohibited except:
National Parks: CCW is allowed in accordance with state law (since 2010), but NOT in federal buildings within parks (visitor centers, ranger stations).
National Forests: Generally allow CCW per state law, but check specific forest regulations.
2. Common State-Level Restrictions
Beyond federal prohibitions, each state adds its own list of off-limits locations. These vary dramatically—what’s legal in Arizona may be a felony in California. Below are the most common state-level restrictions, though you must verify the specific laws for any state where you carry.
State Prohibited Locations Comparison
| Location Type | Typically Prohibited | Varies by State | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State Capitol Buildings | ● | Most states prohibit; some allow in certain areas | |
| State Courthouses | ● | Nearly universal prohibition | |
| Polling Places | ● | On election days; some states all year | |
| Bars & Alcohol-Serving Establishments | ● | ~25 states allow if not drinking | |
| Restaurants with Bars | ● | Some allow in dining area, not bar | |
| Churches/Places of Worship | ● | Most states allow unless posted; ~10 prohibit | |
| Hospitals/Medical Facilities | ● | Many post signs; some states prohibit by law | |
| Colleges & Universities | ● | ~12 states allow campus carry | |
| Sports Stadiums/Arenas | ● | Professional venues typically prohibit | |
| Public Parks | ● | Most allow; some cities restrict | |
| Public Transportation | ● | NYC subway prohibited; most others allow |
Bars & Alcohol: The 51% Rule
Many states use a “51% rule” or similar standard to differentiate between restaurants that serve alcohol and establishments primarily in the business of selling alcohol:
Texas example: Establishments deriving 51%+ of revenue from alcohol sales must post a “51%” sign (red sign with “51%” in a red circle). CCW is prohibited in these locations. Restaurants where alcohol is incidental (Applebee’s, Chili’s) are generally allowed unless posted. Similar rules exist in Tennessee, Virginia, and other states.
Important: Even in states that allow carry in bars, consuming alcohol while carrying is typically illegal or grounds for permit revocation. Many states set a 0.00% or 0.02% BAC limit for CCW holders.
Churches & Places of Worship
Church carry laws break down into three categories:
✓ Allowed Unless Posted
TX, FL, GA, OH, PA, AZ, and most states—church leadership decides
⚠ Prohibited Unless Permitted
LA, AR, ND—default is prohibited; church can opt-in to allow
✕ Prohibited by Law
NE, SC (if attached to school)—state law prohibits carry
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3. Private Property: Owner Rights vs. Your Permit
Your CCW permit grants you the right to carry in public spaces—it does not override private property rights. Business owners and property managers can prohibit firearms on their premises, but the legal consequences of ignoring such prohibitions vary dramatically by state.
The Two Types of Private Property Restrictions
⚖️ Signage Has Force of Law
In these states, ignoring a properly posted “No Firearms” sign is a criminal offense—typically a misdemeanor with fines, possible jail time, and permit consequences.
States:
Texas (30.06/30.07), South Carolina, Tennessee, Illinois, North Carolina, Kansas, Ohio, Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, Wisconsin
🚪 Trespass Warning Only
In these states, signs are requests, not commands. You must leave if asked, but simply carrying past a sign is not a crime—only refusing to leave triggers trespass charges.
States:
Florida, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Arizona, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, Colorado, Michigan, Indiana, and most other states
Even in “trespass warning only” states, carrying where prohibited can have civil consequences. If an incident occurs, you may face lawsuits, and your insurance may not cover you. Additionally, being asked to leave and refusing—even briefly—can escalate to criminal trespass charges.
Common Private Property Restrictions
These businesses and property types commonly prohibit firearms:
Employer Restrictions & Workplace Carry
Employers can generally prohibit firearms inside the workplace, but many states have enacted “parking lot laws” that protect your right to keep a firearm secured in your vehicle, even on employer property:
✓ States with Parking Lot Protection
TX, FL, OK, KY, LA, MS, ND, UT, AK, and others—employer cannot fire you for lawful firearm in locked vehicle
✕ No Parking Lot Protection
CA, NY, NJ, IL, and others—employer can prohibit firearms on entire property including parking
Even with parking lot protection, there are often exceptions for employers in certain industries (schools, daycares, facilities with explosive materials) or companies with specific security protocols. Government employees may face additional restrictions. Always verify your specific situation before relying on these protections.
4. Signage Laws: Know What to Look For
In states where signage carries force of law, the sign must typically meet specific legal requirements to be enforceable. Understanding these requirements can mean the difference between a legal technicality and a criminal charge.
State-by-State Signage Requirements
| State | Force of Law? | Sign Requirements | Penalty |
|---|---|---|---|
| Texas | Yes | 30.06 (concealed) / 30.07 (open) signs; specific wording, 1″ letters, English & Spanish, contrasting colors | Class C misdemeanor ($200 fine); Class A if refuse to leave |
| South Carolina | Yes | 8″ x 8″ minimum; “NO CONCEALABLE WEAPONS ALLOWED”; specific language required | Misdemeanor; up to $200 fine or 30 days |
| Tennessee | Yes | Posted at entrances; specific statutory language or approved symbols | Class B misdemeanor; up to 6 months, $500 fine |
| Illinois | Yes | 4″ x 6″ minimum; ISP-approved sign with white background, black image | Varies; can result in permit revocation |
| North Carolina | Yes | Conspicuously posted; language prohibiting concealed handguns | Class 1 misdemeanor; permit suspension |
| Ohio | Yes | Conspicuous notice; certain locations (businesses that sell alcohol) | Varies by location type |
| Kansas | Yes | AG-approved signs; specific language and placement requirements | Trespass after refusal to leave |
| Florida | No | No legal force; must leave if verbally asked | Trespass only if refuse to leave |
| Georgia | No | No legal force; private property rights apply | Trespass only if refuse to leave |
| Arizona | No | No legal force; businesses can request you leave | Trespass only if refuse to leave |
Texas 30.06 & 30.07 Signs: A Detailed Look
Texas has the most specific signage requirements in the country. Understanding these signs is essential for anyone carrying in the Lone Star State:
30.06 Sign (Concealed Carry)
Prohibits concealed carry on the premises. Requirements:
- Block letters at least 1 inch high
- Contrasting colors
- Text in both English and Spanish
- Specific statutory language required
- Posted conspicuously at each entrance
30.07 Sign (Open Carry)
Prohibits open carry on the premises. Same requirements as 30.06:
- Block letters at least 1 inch high
- Contrasting colors
- Text in both English and Spanish
- Different statutory language than 30.06
- Both signs often posted together
In Texas, a generic “no guns” pictogram or handwritten sign does not carry legal force—only properly formatted 30.06/30.07 signs do. However, verbal notice from an owner or employee does carry legal weight. If asked to leave, you must comply immediately or face charges.
Common Signage Types You’ll Encounter
🚫🔫
Generic “No Guns”
Usually not legally binding
⭕
Circle with Pistol
May or may not be binding
📜
Statutory Text Sign
Legally binding in force-of-law states
🏛️
Government Building Sign
Always binding (federal/state law)
3. Private Property: Owner Rights vs. Your Permit
Your CCW permit grants you the right to carry in public spaces—it does not override private property rights. Business owners and property managers can prohibit firearms on their premises, but the legal consequences of ignoring such prohibitions vary dramatically by state.
The Two Types of Private Property Restrictions
⚖️ Signage Has Force of Law
In these states, ignoring a properly posted “No Firearms” sign is a criminal offense—typically a misdemeanor with fines, possible jail time, and permit consequences.
States:
Texas (30.06/30.07), South Carolina, Tennessee, Illinois, North Carolina, Kansas, Ohio, Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, Wisconsin
🚪 Trespass Warning Only
In these states, signs are requests, not commands. You must leave if asked, but simply carrying past a sign is not a crime—only refusing to leave triggers trespass charges.
States:
Florida, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Arizona, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, Colorado, Michigan, Indiana, and most other states
Even in “trespass warning only” states, carrying where prohibited can have civil consequences. If an incident occurs, you may face lawsuits, and your insurance may not cover you. Additionally, being asked to leave and refusing—even briefly—can escalate to criminal trespass charges.
Common Private Property Restrictions
These businesses and property types commonly prohibit firearms:
Employer Restrictions & Workplace Carry
Employers can generally prohibit firearms inside the workplace, but many states have enacted “parking lot laws” that protect your right to keep a firearm secured in your vehicle, even on employer property:
✓ States with Parking Lot Protection
TX, FL, OK, KY, LA, MS, ND, UT, AK, and others—employer cannot fire you for lawful firearm in locked vehicle
✕ No Parking Lot Protection
CA, NY, NJ, IL, and others—employer can prohibit firearms on entire property including parking
Even with parking lot protection, there are often exceptions for employers in certain industries (schools, daycares, facilities with explosive materials) or companies with specific security protocols. Government employees may face additional restrictions. Always verify your specific situation before relying on these protections.
4. Signage Laws: Know What to Look For
In states where signage carries force of law, the sign must typically meet specific legal requirements to be enforceable. Understanding these requirements can mean the difference between a legal technicality and a criminal charge.
State-by-State Signage Requirements
| State | Force of Law? | Sign Requirements | Penalty |
|---|---|---|---|
| Texas | Yes | 30.06 (concealed) / 30.07 (open) signs; specific wording, 1″ letters, English & Spanish, contrasting colors | Class C misdemeanor ($200 fine); Class A if refuse to leave |
| South Carolina | Yes | 8″ x 8″ minimum; “NO CONCEALABLE WEAPONS ALLOWED”; specific language required | Misdemeanor; up to $200 fine or 30 days |
| Tennessee | Yes | Posted at entrances; specific statutory language or approved symbols | Class B misdemeanor; up to 6 months, $500 fine |
| Illinois | Yes | 4″ x 6″ minimum; ISP-approved sign with white background, black image | Varies; can result in permit revocation |
| North Carolina | Yes | Conspicuously posted; language prohibiting concealed handguns | Class 1 misdemeanor; permit suspension |
| Ohio | Yes | Conspicuous notice; certain locations (businesses that sell alcohol) | Varies by location type |
| Kansas | Yes | AG-approved signs; specific language and placement requirements | Trespass after refusal to leave |
| Florida | No | No legal force; must leave if verbally asked | Trespass only if refuse to leave |
| Georgia | No | No legal force; private property rights apply | Trespass only if refuse to leave |
| Arizona | No | No legal force; businesses can request you leave | Trespass only if refuse to leave |
Texas 30.06 & 30.07 Signs: A Detailed Look
Texas has the most specific signage requirements in the country. Understanding these signs is essential for anyone carrying in the Lone Star State:
30.06 Sign (Concealed Carry)
Prohibits concealed carry on the premises. Requirements:
- Block letters at least 1 inch high
- Contrasting colors
- Text in both English and Spanish
- Specific statutory language required
- Posted conspicuously at each entrance
30.07 Sign (Open Carry)
Prohibits open carry on the premises. Same requirements as 30.06:
- Block letters at least 1 inch high
- Contrasting colors
- Text in both English and Spanish
- Different statutory language than 30.06
- Both signs often posted together
In Texas, a generic “no guns” pictogram or handwritten sign does not carry legal force—only properly formatted 30.06/30.07 signs do. However, verbal notice from an owner or employee does carry legal weight. If asked to leave, you must comply immediately or face charges.
Common Signage Types You’ll Encounter
🚫🔫
Generic “No Guns”
Usually not legally binding
⭕
Circle with Pistol
May or may not be binding
📜
Statutory Text Sign
Legally binding in force-of-law states
🏛️
Government Building Sign
Always binding (federal/state law)
5. Vehicle & Parking Lot Considerations
When you can’t carry inside a building, what do you do with your firearm? Vehicle storage rules vary significantly, and getting them wrong can result in theft, legal problems, or both.
Storing Your Firearm in Your Vehicle
When you encounter a prohibited location, you’ll often need to secure your firearm in your vehicle. Best practices include:
✓ Recommended
- Vehicle-mounted gun safe (cable-locked)
- Center console lockbox
- Under-seat secured storage
- Trunk (sedans only)
✕ Avoid
- Glove box (often easily pried open)
- Under seats unsecured
- Door pockets
- Visible anywhere in vehicle
Vehicle break-ins targeting firearms are increasingly common. Thieves know CCW holders often leave guns in cars. A quality vehicle safe ($50-150) is a worthwhile investment that can prevent your firearm from being stolen and potentially used in a crime—which could involve you in an investigation even if you’re ultimately not liable.
Parking Lot Exceptions to Prohibited Places
Some prohibited locations allow firearms in parking lots while prohibiting them inside. Others extend the prohibition to the entire property:
| Location | In Vehicle OK? | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Post Office Parking Lot | ✕ NO | Federal property; entire premises prohibited |
| School Parking Lot | ⚠ Varies | Many states allow locked in vehicle; verify state law |
| Airport Parking | ✓ Usually | Most airports allow; check specific airport rules |
| Courthouse Parking | ⚠ Varies | Some have lockers; others extend prohibition |
| Employer Parking (with lot law) | ✓ Protected | In states with parking lot laws (TX, FL, OK, etc.) |
| Private Business Parking | ✓ Usually | Interior prohibition usually doesn’t extend to lot |
Transferring Between Vehicle and Person
The act of retrieving or storing your firearm in a parking lot requires discretion:
Before entering a prohibited location:
- Return to your vehicle privately, not at the entrance
- Transfer discreetly—don’t wave your firearm around
- Secure in a lockbox or safe, not just hidden
- Ensure your vehicle is locked
When retrieving:
- Check your surroundings before opening your safe
- Re-holster before exiting the vehicle if possible
- Be aware of security cameras and witnesses
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Shop All Badges →6. Consequences of Carrying in Prohibited Places
The penalties for carrying in prohibited locations range from minor inconveniences to life-altering felony convictions. Understanding the potential consequences should inform your decision-making about where and when to carry.
Federal Violation Penalties
Federal gun-free zone violations carry the most severe consequences:
| Violation | Statute | Maximum Penalty |
|---|---|---|
| Federal building (simple possession) | 18 U.S.C. § 930(a) | 1 year imprisonment + fine |
| Federal building (with intent) | 18 U.S.C. § 930(b) | 5 years imprisonment + fine |
| School zone violation | 18 U.S.C. § 922(q) | 5 years imprisonment + fine |
| Airport sterile area | 49 U.S.C. § 46505 | 10 years imprisonment |
| Post office property | 39 C.F.R. § 232.1 | Fine + possible imprisonment |
A federal felony conviction means permanent loss of gun rights nationwide. Under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g), convicted felons are prohibited from possessing firearms or ammunition—for life. This applies even if you receive probation instead of prison time.
State-Level Consequences
State penalties vary widely but typically include:
Criminal Penalties
- Misdemeanor: $200-$2,500 fine
- Jail time: 30 days to 1 year
- Felony: 1-5 years prison (serious violations)
Permit Consequences
- Immediate suspension
- Revocation proceedings
- Future permit applications denied
Collateral Consequences
- Criminal record affecting employment
- Professional license issues
- Civil liability exposure
7. Notable Exceptions & Special Circumstances
While prohibited places generally apply to all CCW holders, certain individuals may be exempt under specific circumstances. Additionally, some locations have exceptions that aren’t widely known.
Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA)
Under 18 U.S.C. § 926B and 926C, qualified active and retired law enforcement officers can carry concealed nationwide, including some locations where regular CCW holders cannot. However, LEOSA does not override:
State-Specific Exceptions
Some states have carved out notable exceptions to standard prohibited places:
Campus Carry States
TX, UT, CO, KS, ID, AR, GA, TN (public universities only in some states)—permit holders may carry on college campuses
K-12 School Exceptions
UT allows with enhanced permit; several states allow with school board approval or for specific staff
Church Carry (Opt-In/Opt-Out)
Many states leave the decision to individual churches rather than imposing blanket prohibition
Since 2010, concealed carry has been legal in national parks in accordance with the law of the state where the park is located. However, firearms remain prohibited inside federal buildings within parks (visitor centers, ranger stations, museums). The park itself follows state CCW law; the buildings follow federal law.
When “Prohibited” Means “Restricted”
Some locations aren’t outright prohibited but have specific conditions:
Hospitals: Often prohibited by policy, not law. In many states, the hospital’s sign is a request, not a criminal prohibition.
Casinos: Varies wildly. Nevada generally allows; many tribal casinos prohibit as sovereign land.
Banks: No federal prohibition; depends on state law and individual bank policy.
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8. Frequently Asked Questions
Can I carry in a business with a “No Guns” sign if I have a valid CCW permit?
It depends on your state. In “force of law” states like Texas, Illinois, and Tennessee, properly posted signs create legal prohibition—ignoring them is a criminal offense. In most other states, signs are merely requests; you must leave if asked, but simply carrying past a sign isn’t criminal. However, if discovered and asked to leave, refusing becomes criminal trespass.
What should I do if I accidentally enter a prohibited place while carrying?
Leave immediately and calmly. Don’t draw attention to yourself or your firearm. Return to your vehicle and secure your firearm before re-entering if necessary. If confronted, remain calm, comply with instructions, and don’t make sudden movements. Clearly state that you’re a licensed CCW holder and are complying. Contact an attorney if charged—accidental violations are often treated more leniently than intentional ones.
Can my employer fire me for having a gun locked in my car at work?
In states with “parking lot laws” (Florida, Texas, Oklahoma, Kentucky, and others), employers generally cannot fire you for keeping a lawfully possessed firearm locked in your personal vehicle in the company parking lot. However, these laws have exceptions for certain industries and don’t apply to company vehicles. States without such laws leave this to employer discretion—check your specific state and employee handbook.
Are hospital parking lots gun-free zones?
Generally, no—unless the hospital is on federal property (like a VA hospital) or your state specifically prohibits firearms on hospital grounds by law. Most hospital gun restrictions are policy-based and apply to the building interior. You can typically keep a firearm secured in your vehicle in the parking lot, but verify your specific state’s laws and whether the hospital is public or private.
Can I carry in a restaurant that serves alcohol?
In most states, yes—as long as you don’t consume alcohol and the establishment doesn’t derive more than 50% of revenue from alcohol sales (making it primarily a “bar” rather than a restaurant). Texas uses the “51% rule” with posted signs; other states have similar thresholds. Some states prohibit carry anywhere alcohol is served. Never drink while carrying regardless of local law—it’s dangerous and typically illegal.
What’s the penalty for carrying in a post office parking lot?
Post office parking lots are federal property covered by 39 C.F.R. § 232.1, which prohibits firearms. Violations can result in fines and potential federal criminal charges. Unlike most other locations, the prohibition extends to the entire postal property, not just the building interior. This is one of the most commonly violated federal gun-free zones—always secure your firearm elsewhere before visiting a post office.
Does my CCW insurance cover legal fees if I’m charged for carrying in a prohibited place?
Most CCW insurance policies focus on self-defense incidents, not carry law violations. Some may provide limited coverage for certain prohibited place charges, but coverage varies significantly between providers. Review your specific policy carefully. Organizations like USCCA, CCW Safe, and others have different coverage terms—contact your provider to understand what’s covered before you need it.
Can I carry in a bank?
There is no federal prohibition on carrying in banks. Whether you can carry depends on state law and individual bank policy. Most states allow concealed carry in banks unless the bank has posted prohibited signage. Many major banks have corporate policies against firearms, but enforcement varies by location. If in doubt, check for posted signs and consider your state’s signage laws.
- Federal gun-free zones apply everywhere: Post offices (including parking lots), schools, federal buildings, airports past security, and military bases prohibit firearms regardless of your permit status.
- State restrictions vary dramatically: What’s legal in Arizona may be a felony in New York. Always verify the specific laws for any state where you carry.
- Know your state’s signage laws: In “force of law” states, ignoring a properly posted sign is a criminal offense. In other states, it’s a trespass warning only.
- Private property owners have rights: Your permit doesn’t override their decision to prohibit firearms. Respect signage and verbal requests to leave.
- Invest in secure vehicle storage: When you can’t carry inside, a quality vehicle safe prevents theft and ensures you’re not leaving your firearm unsecured.
- Consequences can be severe: Federal violations can result in years of imprisonment and permanent loss of gun rights. Even misdemeanors can revoke your permit.
- When in doubt, don’t carry: The consequences of a prohibited place violation far outweigh the inconvenience of leaving your firearm secured in your vehicle.
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